Common Toad
Scientific name: Bufo bufo
Robust terrestrial anuran, common in European forests and gardens.
Quick facts
- Approximate size8–15 cm
- Average weight50–150 g
- Life expectancy10–12 years
- ActivityNocturnal
Basic information
- Home: temperate forests, meadows, orchards and gardens with access to ponds or pools.
- Food: insects, earthworms, slugs and other invertebrates caught by ambush.
- Sexual dimorphism: males are usually slightly smaller and thinner and develop nuptial pads during breeding season.
- Predators: snakes, hedgehogs, birds, carnivorous mammals and, in larval stages, fish and other amphibians.
Life in the wild
What this species is like in its natural environment, with the climate, shelters and resources it needs.
Species overview
The common toad is one of the most well-known amphibians in Europe, associated with forests, meadows and gardens with water points.
Natural habitat
Prefers terrestrial areas with shelters (rocks, logs, burrows) near ponds, pools or slow-flowing rivers for breeding.
Behavior
It is nocturnal and solitary outside the breeding season; moves slowly on land searching for prey.
Special traits
Its thick, warty skin and toxins provide some protection against many predators.
Conservation and threats
Roads, loss of traditional ponds and pollution affect many local populations.
Curiosities
Striking details about this species that help better understand its biology and role in ecosystems.
- Has parotoid glands that secrete defensive toxins.
- During reproductive migration hundreds of individuals can gather in the same pond.
- Adapts relatively well to humanized environments with shelters and available water.
- Its tadpoles usually form very numerous and dark schools.
Welfare profile
Summary of the most critical points if this species is kept in captivity at specialized centers.
Facilities and spaceMedium
In captivity needs spacious terrestrial terrariums with shelters and access to water for bathing and breeding.
Water, light and microclimateMedium
Temperature and humidity should mimic temperate conditions, avoiding extremes and desiccation.
Handling and stressMedium
Tolerates frequent handling poorly; ideally observe it and limit direct manipulation.
Common Toad in captivity
General information intended for professional facilities and educational projects. Not intended to encourage capture or improvised keeping of wild amphibians.
⚠️ Amphibians are particularly vulnerable to pollution, emerging diseases and improper handling. Before keeping species like this, it is essential to review local regulations and seek qualified advice.
Suitable facilities
Maintenance should focus on educational projects about amphibians and pond conservation.
Feeding in responsible centers
- Diet is based on varied invertebrates, avoiding dependence on just one or two types of prey.
- Crickets, earthworms, slugs.
- Occasional calcium supplementation.
Handling and welfare
The enclosure should offer abundant hiding spots and areas with soft substrate for light digging.
Ethical message
More important than keeping toads in captivity is conserving ponds and ecological corridors that allow them to complete their life cycle.
This section has an educational purpose. Amphibian conservation involves, above all, protecting ponds, rivers, forests and wetlands, and avoiding irresponsible release of exotic species.